Purim 2025: A short guide

In most years, Jerusalem celebrates Shushan Purim on the day after the rest of the country. But this year, since Shushan Purim falls on Shabbat, Jerusalem will experience a Purim Meshulash (Triangle), with the holiday unfolding over the course of three days. On Thursday night and Friday morning, the Megillah is read and matanot l’evyonim (gifts to the poor) are distributed, along with the rest of the country. On Shabbat, a special Torah portion for Purim will be read, in addition to the regular weekly portion. Then, on Sunday, people will exchange Mishloach Manot and have their Purim meal.

One of the central mitzvot of Purim is reading Megillat Esther. It is read both in the evening and in the morning (this year, the evening of March 13 and the morning of March 14).

The mitzvah of Mishloach Manot requires sending at least two food items to at least one person. The food must be kosher and ready to eat, and the purpose is to foster connection and unity. This is a great chance to reach out not just to friends but also to those who may feel lonely, such as bereaved families or people who are often overlooked.

It is a mitzvah to give charity to those in need on Purim. The minimum requirement is to give two gifts to two different needy individuals, with each gift worth at least the price of a meal. However, it is encouraged to give more if possible, to help ensure that even the poor can celebrate Purim properly.

The Purim meal is an essential part of the holiday and takes place during the day, after the Megillah has been read. One should make sure the meal is festive and happy, accompanied by strong drinks. According to Jewish law, there is no requirement to have wine specifically, but there is a general obligation to experience deep joy on this day.

This year, since Purim falls on a Friday, it is best to start the meal before midday or at least finish it early so that one can enter Shabbat with an appetite.

However, some follow the approach mentioned in the Gemara, known as “pores mapah u’mekadesh.” This means beginning the Purim meal about half an hour before Shabbat starts, with everything already prepared for Shabbat. When Shabbat begins, one lights the Shabbat candles, says Kabbalat Shabbat, and then makes Kiddush (without the blessing on wine if it was already said earlier). Then everyone eats challah (without an additional blessing) and continues the meal into Shabbat. After the meal, one prays the Maariv or evening prayers for Shabbat.

This year, we celebrate Purim in the shadow of war, with 59 of our brothers and sisters still held hostage in Gaza and hundreds of soldiers killed while fighting for our country, and the constant threats that surround us. Purim reminds us, just like we read in the story in the Megillah, that our ability to withstand external enemies starts with internal unity.

Haman, who sought to destroy the Jewish people, made this observation himself, calling the Jews "a certain people, scattered and divided.” From the enemy’s perspective, all Jews are the same. He wants to destroy us all, regardless of our differences in opinions or beliefs. Yet he also recognizes our internal divisions and sees them as a weakness to exploit. The mitzvot of Purim – Mishloach Manot and Matanot La’Evyonim – are designed to strengthen a sense of unity among all the different parts of our people. For it is only when we are truly united that we can overcome our adversaries and we can have true joy.